It is said that we should realise mind, but sometimes it is said that there is no mind.
Mind that the Buddha pointed to is the true-Self that is boundless, formless, changeless and nameless. This cannot be said to be existent, or non-existent because it is beyond words. There is nothing but mind, and there is nothing that is not mind. In fact, there cannot be a word ‘mind’ when there is nothing but mind, because there is nothing else to distinguish mind from. This is why it is nameless. Accordingly, everything is mind, and there is nothing that is not mind. Then, that there is no mind means that there is only mind.
Nanquan said to the assembly, “I am going to sell my body. Is there anyone who will buy it?” A monk stepped forward from the crowd and said, “I will buy it.” Nanquan said, “It is neither expensive nor cheap. How will you buy it?” The monk was silent.
Student: “What would you have said if you had been the monk’s shoes?” Master: “I would have said that I wouldn’t accept it even for nothing.”
Commentary: What can be sold and bought is not a holy thing.
Part 2-2 “World-Honoured One, when good men and good women have made up their minds to attain supreme enlightenment, how should they live, and how should they surrender their minds?”
Commentary: The question Subhūti asks—“How should one subdue and control the mind in order to attain enlightenment?”—is a very common one among Buddhist practitioners.
This question is a prime example of how sentient beings become confused by forms (or illusions). It not only reveals how illogical we can be but also how unaware we are of what we are actually saying. For example, if someone asks, “How should I maintain my car?” we have no doubt that this person knows what his car looks like—its colour, age, size, and condition—because that question assumes he knows what car he’s referring to. Likewise, when someone asks, “How should I subdue and control my mind to attain enlightenment?” it implies that he at least knows what mind he is trying to subdue.
However, this question actually reveals that the person doesn’t even realise the fact that he doesn’t know what his mind is. Because to know one’s mind is to be enlightened, anyone who truly knows what his mind is would no longer need to seek enlightenment or ask such a question.
The purpose of Buddhism is enlightenment; to realise what the mind is. There’s a well-known exchange between Bodhidharma and his disciple Haeka that illustrates this point perfectly.
One day, Haeka said to Bodhidharma, “My mind is not at ease. Please put it to rest.” Bodhidharma replied, “Bring me your mind, and I will set it at rest.” Haeka said, “I have searched for my mind, but I cannot find it.” To this, Bodhidharma replied, “There—I have set it at rest for you.”
This meant that if you don’t know where your mind is, or even what it is, how can you say it is not at ease? In that moment, Bodhidharma revealed the mind (or the true-Self) to Haeka. Upon hearing this, Haeka attained enlightenment—because, for the first time, he realised what his mind truly was.
Disciple: “How should I subdue my mind to attain enlightenment?” Master: “Before trying to subdue it, first find out what your mind is.” Disciple: “What is my mind?” Master: “Why do you ask me about something that’s in your own mouth?” Disciple: “But there’s nothing in my mouth.” Master: “Exactly—that’s it.”
Mind, mind…. They said I had to see it, So I finally looked it in the face, And it isn’t it.
Because all forms are not inherent and innate but artificial, fabricated and imaginary.
A mountain, for example, is a mountain not because it said, “I am a mountain. Call me mountain from now on” but because we attached an imaginary label ‘mountain’ to it and believe that it is a mountain. It is not permanent but changes all the time just as we can see some mountains were the bottom of the sea many years ago. This is why all forms are untrue.
One day, Master Yeomgwan called his attendant and said, “Bring me the buffalo horn fan.”
The attendant replied, “The fan is completely broken.” The master then said, “If the fan is broken, bring the buffalo to me.” The attendant had no response.
Student: “Why did the master want the Buffalo?” Master: “In order to let his attendant know what he was riding.”
Commentary: Everyone has it in his hands and is riding it at the same time all the time.
Part 2-1 At that time the venerable Subhuti was in the assembly. He rose from his seat, uncovered his right shoulder, knelt on his right knee, joined his palms together in respect, and said to the Buddha, “It is rare and marvellous, Buddha. You always have the Bodhisattvas in mind, protect them well and entrust them well with the Dharma.”
Commentary: Here, we must deeply contemplate what Subhūti saw and why he expressed such awe and reverence toward the Buddha—even though the Buddha had not spoken a single word. Subhūti had seen the true-Self, the Tathāgata, the true essence of the Buddha that the Buddha had always sought to reveal to his disciples. He called it “rare and marvellous” because the true-Self is utterly free from defilements, beyond worldly conception, and perfect in a way that is extremely difficult to recognise with an ordinary, worldly perspective. This is why the ancient masters warned that no matter how beautifully or nobly someone may describe the Tathāgata (or the true-Self), such words inevitably fall short—or worse, may even defile it. Anyone who understands Subhūti’s words must also recognise that Subhūti’s own act of reverence was itself rare and marvellous as well.
Disciple: “What is it that is rare and marvellous?” Master: “The Buddha showed it, and now you are showing it too.” Disciple: “What is it?” Master: “It is the most common and abundant.” Disciple: “Why is it called rare if it is so common and abundant?” Master: “Because many seek it, but few ever see it.” Disciple: “Then what exactly is it?” Master: “Come alone tomorrow, and I’ll tell you.”
“He protects all Bodhisattvas well” means the Buddha is not showing favouritism by guarding only Bodhisattvas. In truth, everything is always within the Buddha—the Tathāgata—and nothing can ever be outside of it. Just as no form can escape emptiness, no being can escape the embrace of the Buddha. Bodhisattvas who realise this know they are always protected within the field of the Tathāgata and thus are free from harm. Sentient beings who do not realise this live lives filled with anxiety and illusions. This is why, in the Lotus Sutra, the Buddha compared sentient beings to a rich man’s son who, not knowing his father is the wealthiest man in the world, lives the life of a beggar.
Disciple: “How does the Buddha protect the Bodhisattvas?” Master: “They cannot leave his embrace.” Disciple: “How can I enter the Buddha’s embrace?” Master: “Don’t take a single step.”
“He entrusts the Dharma well to the bodhisattvas” means the Buddha guides Bodhisattvas to enlightenment and thereby transforms them into Tathāgatas like himself. He entrusts them not just with preaching the Dharma, but with embodying the Dharma—so that their every action and word is indistinguishable from the Buddha’s own. The aim of Buddhism is not to worship the Buddha, but to realise that we ourselves are the Buddha. This is how we truly repay the Buddha’s grace.
Disciple: “How does he entrust the Dharma to the Bodhisattvas?” Master: “He helps them realise there is nothing to entrust.”
Just as the historical Buddha did, we must come to see that our friends, families, neighbours, and coworkers are constantly revealing something rare and marvellous. Not only they, but we ourselves are the Dharma—we are the Tathāgata, the Buddha. This is what Śākyamuni Buddha strove to help people awaken to.
What is rare and marvellous? If the teacup before your eyes is rare and marvellous, you will see the Buddha.
‘There is no mind’ doesn’t mean that there is no mind but that there is no specific thing called mind that has a certain form because there is nothing that is not mind.
Mind is formless but contains everything. So, we should know that there is only mind instead of ‘there is no mind’.
The World-Honoured One saw the morning star and attained enlightenment.
He stated: “Through the star, I got enlightened, But upon attaining enlightenment, I saw it was not truly a star. I do not follow things, Nor am I without denying them.”
Student: “What is it if it is not a star?” Master: “No one knows what it is, but everything is the function of it.”
Commentary: When a star is not a star, we are not human beings as well.
Part 1-6 Upon finishing his begging, he returned to his dwelling and ate. He put away his robe and bowl, washed his feet, laid down a mat, and sat on it.
Commentary: Whatever action the Buddha performed, its purpose was always to guide people towards realising the true-Self. Even seemingly simple acts—folding his robe, placing his alms bowl aside, washing his feet, laying out his seat, and sitting on it—were no exception.
There was once a monk who had practised under a renowned master for many years. He felt frustrated, believing that the master had never given him any teachings, and repeatedly asked for instruction. Each time, the master promised he would teach him, yet his demeanour and actions never changed. Over time, the master never offered any explicit guidance the disciple expected, and eventually, the monk’s patience wore thin. One day, the monk said to the master, “For over ten years I’ve been by your side, asking for teachings. You always said you would teach me, but in all that time you’ve never truly given me any instruction. I’ve decided to leave and seek another teacher.” The master solemnly replied, “How dare you say I haven’t taught you anything? When you brought me meals, I ate them and taught you as I ate. When you brewed me tea, I drank it and taught you as I drank. What I’ve shown you—nothing else—is the teaching.” But the monk, still failing to grasp the master’s intention, remained firm in his decision to leave. As he turned to go, the master called out to him. The monk turned his head, and the master said, “There is nothing beyond this.” In that moment, the monk awakened.
This story reveals that just as the historical Buddha taught through his simple acts—folding his robe, sitting on a mat—the great master was teaching the monk through ordinary actions like eating and drinking tea, each revealing Buddha-nature. After ten years, the young monk finally saw what had always been in front of him.
From this, we understand that every action the Buddha performed—from putting on his robe to sitting down—was itself a profound teaching. In truth, we are all constantly showing one another the true-Self, but fail to recognise it. The Buddha always felt sorry that sentient beings failed to recognise the true-Self whilst facing it all the time.
Disciple: “What did the young monk see in the master’s actions?” Master: “It is still seen even now.” Disciple: “What is it?” Master: “I’m tired today. Come back tomorrow.”
Do not blame what is hidden. If your eyes are sharp, it is clearly revealed, even at midnight. If your eyes are blind, you cannot see it, even in broad daylight.
It is not because it is unseen but because we can’t recognise it whilst seeing it. The true-Self is non-duality that is formless and nameless. We have divided it into countless pieces according to forms by using countless words and covered it with names, words.
We have been so addicted to forms and words that we always see the classified and named surface and fail to see the original non-duality. This is why ancient masters would say that we should not be deluded by words and see and hear things without attaching any names, or words.
Zen Fools 